Haslam Scholars Projects

Document Type

Report

Publication Date

2025

DOI

Agriculture, Arduino, Database, Front end, Back end, Storage, Hardware, Sensors

Abstract

Farmers need a reliable, scalable, and cost-effective solution to address these challenges and improve their overall farming operations. Connected Farm to satisfy this need by providing real time data insights, analytics, alerts, and visualizations to enhance farm efficiency and sustainability at an affordable cost. The design of the Connected Farm system involves four aspects: sensors, networking, backend, and frontend. Each sensor consists of an Arduino Mega connected to a temperature and humidity sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a water level sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor. A 9V battery serves as the module’s power source. An ESP8266-01s Wi-Fi module transmits the collected data back to the backend server. These components can be easily acquired at a relatively low price to reduce the barrier of entry for farmers considering IoT monitoring. The data that the sensors collect needs to be periodically transmitted to the backend server. This is handled via Wi-Fi since it is simple to set up and a well-established solution to the problem of wirelessly transmitting data. The data transmitted from the sensors then needs to be received by a server to be operated on and stored in a database. Since setting up server hardware is expensive and complicated, Connected Farm takes advantage of AWS cloud services to provide a simple, low upfront cost way for farmers to set up the system. On the software side, the backend will be built with Node.js using the Express.js library. This backend provides API calls that allow both the sensors and the frontend to interact with the databases. After receiving a request, the backend will either place data in or get data from one of the two databases depending on the type of data. Data collected from the sensors and user data will be stored in an AWS Relational Database Service database. The frontend, which presents the data collected from the sensors to users through various plots and charts, will tie the entire project together. Since farmers need to access this data on the go, the frontend will be built for mobile using React Native as well as various libraries and tools selected to create a professional, compelling, and visually appealing design.

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