Masters Theses

Date of Award

3-1963

Degree Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science

Major

Animal Husbandry

Major Professor

J.K. Bletner

Committee Members

O.E. Groff, Louis Boyd

Abstract

Vegetable protein concentrates are being used as a feed in the livestock industry throughout the world to an ever increasing extent. Soybeans and peanuts are major sources of these protein concentrates in the temperate and tropical zones of the world.

One of the protein concentrates derived from soybeans is known as dehulled solvent extracted soybean oil meal which has been defined as the product resulting from dehulled solvent extracted soybean flakes. It shall contain not more than J percent crude fiber and shall be designated and sold according Peanut meal is ground peanut cake (the product obtained after the extraction of part of the oil to its protein content. by pressure or solvents from peanut kernels as produced under reasonable milling conditions) provided that nothing shall be recognized as such that contains more than 11 percent crude fiber. It must be designated and sold according to its protein content.

As an unsupplemented vegetable protein concentrate in poultry feed, soybean oil meal has not been excelled by any other single vegetable protein, high grade soybean oil meal (dehulled) is reported to be 50 percent crude protein, 3 percent crude fiber, 0.2 percent calcium, 0.6 percent phosphorus, 0.87 percent methionine, 0.68 percent The average proximate analysis of cystine and 3.0 percent lysine. High grade peanut meal on the other hand would show 50 percent protein, 7 percent crude fiber. 0.2 percent calcium, 0.6 percent phosphorus, 0.49 percent methionine, 0.77 percent cystine and 1.4 percent lysine. A comparison of these two vegetable protein concentrates indicates that peanut meal might be more effectively used in the livestock industry if it were supplemented by both lysine and methionine.

The protein requirement of the chicken is essentially an amino acid requirement. It is recognized at present that the chicken requires at least twelve amino acids in the diet for The requirement of the laying hen in this respect is not well defined, but it is generally accepted that ten essential amino acids are required for maximum egg production. Both growth and egg production are adversely affected if these essential amino acids are not provided in the diet in proper amounts and in balance. rapid growth.

Most vegetable proteins contain all the essential amino acids required by poultry, but, unfortunately, they are not found in the proportion or at the levels that induce most rapid growth or maximum egg production. This necessitates the supplementation of the vegetable protein with another protein rich in the deficient amino acid, or the addition of the amino acid itself if the vegetable protein is to be used most effectively in the diet of the chicken. Peanut meal is a rich source of protein for poultry diets but is deficient in both lysine and methionine.

The requirement of both lysine and methionine for growth and egg production has been determined using various practical and purified diets. It has also been demonstrated that the availability of an amino acid varies in different feedstuffs as well as different combinations of feedstuffs.

The results of numerous studies indicate that peanut meal may be used as a major source of protein supplement in the diets of chicks and layers when such diets are fortified with amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Since some of the amino acids are relatively expensive, it is desirable to know the minimum level of amino acid supplementation which will produce maximum growth, egg production and feed efficiency if peanut meal is to be used most efficiently. There appears to be a dearth of literature concerning this problem.

India ranks first in the world in the production of peanuts and produces large amounts of peanut meal. At present a sizable quantity of this meal is used as a fertilizer or is With the increasing expansion of the livestock industry, especially poultry, there is an increased need for suitable high protein supplements. exported. Peanut meal, if adequately supplemented, gives promise of meeting the requirements of such a high grade protein supplement.

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the minimum supplementary dietary requirement of lysine and methionine for maximum growth and feed efficiency in broiler chicks fed a corn-fish meal-peanut meal diet and to determine the necessity of supplementary lysine and methionine for maximum egg production and feed efficiency in Leghorn-type pullets fed a corn-fish meal-peanut meal diet.

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