Masters Theses

Date of Award

5-2001

Degree Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science

Major

Wildlife and Fisheries Science

Major Professor

Larry Wilson

Committee Members

Richard Strange, Mary Sue Younger, Mike Smith

Abstract

The use of traditional anesthetics for fish, such as MS-222, is currently restricted in the United States. Clove oil has been proposed recently as a substitute for these traditional chemicals, but effective concentrations of this substance are not known for many fish, other than nonsalmonids. In this study, five species of nonsalmonid, hatchery reared species were exposed to clove oil at varying concentrations to attempt to determine an effective dose. Hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) were found to have an effective dose of 40 mg/L. At this dosage, anesthesia induction and recovery times were 1.57 ± 0.11 (SE) and 1.23 ± 0.09 min, respectively, with an LCT (lethal concentration time) of 57.18 min for hybrids at 21.1° C. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were found to have an effective dose of 60 mg/L. Anesthesia induction and recovery times at that concentration were 1.63 ± 0.07 and 4.12 ± 0.27 min, respectively, for age-0 grass carp at 14.4° C; 1.45 ± 0.07 and 1.84 ± 0.08 for age-0 grass carp at 25.6° C; 2.48 ± 0.14 and 5.85 ± 0.22 min, respectively, for yearling grass carp at 18.9° C; 2.75 ± 0.12 and 8.60 ± 0.66 min, respectively, for brood grass carp at 18.9° C; and 1.46 ± 0.06 and 2.57 ± 0.13 min, respectively, for largemouth bass at 22.2° C. The LCT value for age-0 grass carp was 93.05 min at 14.4° C and 114.05 min at 20.0° C. The LCT for largemouth bass was not calculated, but fish survived up to 40 min of exposure with no mortalities. Striped bass (M saxatilis) and black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) were found to have an effective dose of 80 mg/L. Anesthesia induction and recovery times at that concentration were 0.69 ± 0.03 and 1.66 ± 0.13 min, respectively, for striped bass at 25.6° C, and 3.46 ± 0.17 and 4.82 ± 0.42 min, respectively, for black crappie at 18.9° C. Striped bass had an LCT of 8.51 min, and black crappie had an LCT of 35.25 min. These effective concentrations are recommended for the grass carp, hybrid striped bass, largemouth bass, and black crappie; due to its very low LCT, no effective concentration was determined for striped bass at 25.6°C.

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