Effects of participation in office design on satisfaction and productivity

The present research examined the relationship of participation in office design to satisfaction and productivity among office workers. Previous research suggests that participation in organizational decision making has a positive influence on employee attitudes, and may lead to increased productivity; but these effects are often found to be moderated by other factors. In the present study it was hypothesized that design participation would be related to increased environmental satisfaction, job satisfaction, and productivity. Differences due to variations in the degree of participation (consultation versus decision making) were explored along with the possible moderating roles of individual differences, job level, and organizational context. Questionnaire data were collected from 2,630 office employees at 58 locations. Participants completed a comprehensive survey either before relocating to new office facilities, after relocating, or both.

Analysis of the cross-sectional data revealed strong associations between participation and environmental satisfaction, job satisfaction, and motivation. Consultation was associated with increased satisfaction, motivation, and congruence; whereas decision making was related to even greater satisfaction, reduced helplessness, and lower self-rated performance. Examination of job-type differences revealed that participation was more strongly associated with performance ratings among clerical workers, with motivation among managerial and professional-technical groups, and with reduced helplessness among managers. Individual satisfaction with the level of participation also moderated satisfaction, showing stronger effects among individuals who desired greater participation. Results of the repeated—measures data confirmed the effect of participation in increasing both environmental and job satisfaction regardless of initial differences in satisfaction. Findings are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms through which design participation influences satisfaction. Suggestions for future research and practical applications are noted.