An analysis of the rhetoric of David Ernest Duke : toward a rhetorical theory of movement leadership

A survey of theoretical and critical writings on the rhetoric of social movements suggests that little has been said about the leader of the social movement. Theories in psychology and sociology, however, indicate that the leader is an important aspect of the development of the movement.

Through the analysis of a specific movement leader, rhetorical functions and strategies unique to the leadership position may emerge. David Ernest Duke, as the leader of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, serves as a contemporary example for analysis.

Burkean theory, whose broad purpose is to understand the human condition, will be employed in the study of Duke's leadership rhetoric. The dramatistic theory of rhetoric developed by Burke is particularly applicable to the setting of conflict found in movement leadership.

The historical symbols of the Ku Klux Klan are utilized by Duke in an attempt to develop a comprehensive Klan ideology. Rhetorical discourses received by Klan sympathizers and the public serve to explain and advance the rhetorical vision of the movement.

These symbols and rhetorical actions are part of a theory espoused by Duke which emphasizes the need for a strong leadership functioning to develop and spread a comprehensive ideological or philosophical base.

The social movement which possesses an ideology unacceptable to society requires a strong leader. The functions of the leader, therefore, come from the demands of the movement itself. It appears that the leader functions to develop the following: a rhetorical vision, an abstract rhetoric, an interpretation of historical symbols, and a strong public image.