Predictive and concurrent validity of the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test and the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-II with achievement

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation and predictive utility of three constructs presumed to underlie intelligence operationalized by the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT; Bracken & McCallum, In Press) as memory and reasoning and operationalized by the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-II as figural problem solving (TONI-II; Brown, Sherbenou & Johnsen, 1990). The criterion measure is achievement, as measured by the Math and Reading Comprehension subtests of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test - Revised (PIAT-R; Markwardt, 1989) and the Stanford Achievement Test - Eighth Edition (SAT-8; Madden & Gardner, 1989) for a population of hearing impaired students. An additional purpose is to investigate the effects of experiential deficits of hearing impaired children by comparing the scores from the UNIT and TONI-II between two subgroups of students with hearing impairments: those with hearing parents and those with non-hearing parents.