Inhibitors of intracellular chloride regulation induces cisplatin resistance in canine osteosarcoma cells

The objective of this study was to examine the role of ion transport mechanisms in clinical anticancer drug resistance. Reduction in intracellular accumulation of cisplatin is believed to be an early change in cisplatin-resistant cells, and may be dependent on the concentration of intracellular chloride (Cf) ions and intracellular pH. The primary aim of this study was to describe the modifying effects of NHMA (5-N,N hexamethylene; amiloride), a Na+/H+ antiport inhibitor, and/or SITS (4-acetamido-4';isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid), a HC03-/C1- transport inhibitor, in bicarbonate-containing or bicarbonate-free media on cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II); CDDP) toxicity between known cisplatin-sensitive (C0S31) and cisplatin-resistant (C0S31/rCDDP) canine osteosarcoma cells. This study has shown that cell survival can be influenced by the inhibition of the Na⁺-dependent HCO₃^-/Cl^- exchanger using SITS. The addition of SITS increases the intracellular C^- concentration in canine osteosarcoma cells cultured in a bicarbonate-containing media. In a bicarbonate-free media, the addition of SITS results in a decrease in the cytotoxic action of cisplatin.