From Coal to Cops: Examining the Transformation of Union Solidarity into Policing in Appalachian Communities

This paper explores social solidarity and brotherhood modification in rural Appalachian communities, outlining its shift from coal mining unions to modern policing structures. Historically, coal mining has been paramount to Appalachian identity as an industry and a source of regional pride among miners and residents. Through unionization, particularly in the mid-20^th century, coal miners were able to collectively struggle and provide mutual support through their shared labor under exploitative mining corporations and hazardous working conditions. The decline of coal extraction in the Appalachian region during the late 20^th century through the 21^st century has resulted in both economic hardship and a general lack of union presence. Amid this economic and social restructuring, the author investigates how the concept of coal-centric brotherhood has transitioned into local policing. Building on insights from critical carceral scholars and critical policing scholars, the paper historically and visually dissects how the brotherhood ethos has been recontextualized within Appalachian police forces. This analysis illuminates the shifting identity of the Appalachian working class and offers insight into how regional cultures reshape and redeploy core values in response to economic and social transformations.