Utilizing the Capability Approach to Investigate the Sexual Well-Being of Survivors of Sexual Assault

In this qualitative study, we used the capability approach to sexual well-being to gain a fuller understanding of the sexual well-being of survivors of sexual assault. We interviewed 19 female sexual assault survivors, ranging in age from 19-59 years, and analyzed their data using thematic analysis. Our findings revealed that sexual assault created alterations in sexuality and negative views of men. Obstacles to attaining one’s best sexual self included both logistical (e.g., poor quality sex education, lack of trauma informed health care) and systemic (e.g., rape culture, heterosexism/bisexism) components. The process of becoming one’s best sexual self involved (a) taking healing action, (b) challenging early patriarchal socialization messages, (c) overcoming blame, shame, and guilt, (d) breaking the silence, (e) finding healing and growth in safe intimate relationships, (f) prioritizing one’s own sexual well-being and creating healthy boundaries, and (g) engaging in anti-sexual assault advocacy. Overall, women described their best sexual self as one that is liberated and free from restrictive and oppressive societal messages, experiences, and contexts. Results can guide clinical work with survivors in enhancing understanding of common facets of a survivor’s healing process and relationship with their sexual well-being, as well as areas where they may feel they need more support.