Enhancing Power System Strength and Inertia in the Saudi Electric Grid for Solar Power Integration

As electricity demand continues to increase and environmental challenges from conventional power generation persist, a worldwide shift toward renewable energy sources (RESs) has been initiated. Saudi Arabia, with its advantageous geographical location, presents exceptional potential for solar photovoltaic (PV) integration. This natural advantage positions the country as an ideal adopter of solar PV, facilitating its path toward reduced reliance on fossil fuels.

While the shift toward renewable energy offers significant benefits, it also introduces complexities to power grid stability due to the inherent limitations of RESs in providing sufficient strength and inertia support. Successful integration requires adapting existing grid infrastructure and developing innovative solutions.

This dissertation addresses the emerging challenges associated with reduced grid strength and inertia. It primarily focuses on the implications of full solar PV integration, where conventional generators are entirely replaced within the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) grid. The research explores several solutions, including implementing synchronous condensers (SynCons) to enhance grid strength by improving short-circuit capacity and inertia, ensuring stable voltage and frequency regulation. Protection systems were adapted to address the reduced fault current associated with solar PV integration. Using the short-circuit ratio (SCR) as a strength index, findings indicate that an SCR increase of 3 with SynCons significantly improved system stability and post-disturbance recovery. These insights offer adaptable strategies and practical approaches to enhance grid resilience, supporting power systems worldwide in their transition to RESs.