The effect of pencil diameter on the graphomotor skill of preschoolers

To evaluate the effect of tool diameter on preschoolers' graphomotor skill, this research focused on the process of using large or regular diameter tools as well as the products resulting from such use* Pencils were used as the tool for evaluation because crayons and markers possess features other than diameter that may influence skill as well as measurement.

The primary objective of the study was to examine whether pencil diameter affects pencil management and performance. The secondary objectives were to examine (a) the relationship of pencil management to performance; (b) the relationship of pencil preference to management and performance; and (c) the differences in pencil preference, management, and performance related to gender.

The research sample consisted of 48 preschoolers who were at least 4 years old but who had not yet entered kindergarten. Each child was observed as he or she used both a large and a regular diameter pencil to perform selected graphomotor tasks. An observer recorded information regarding pencil management and preference. Performance was assessed by using specified criteria to rate the products of the tasks.

Findings are consistent with previous research. There do not appear to be differences in pencil management and performance related to pencil diameter. Therefore, the recommendation to preschool caregivers and teachers is that both large and small diameter pencils, crayons, and markers be provided for preschool graphomotor activities.