Geospatial Modeling and Educational Intervention: Addressing Microfiber Pollution in the Gulf of Mexico

The proliferation of cotton and polyester microfibers poses a significant risk to marine ecosystems. Understanding the environmental and societal mechanisms leading to increased microfiber ingestion by marine animal species is crucial for ecosystem preservation and human health. Previous literature suggests that the predominant factors contributing to this type of pollution are the widespread use of household washing machines and the rising consumer demand for fast fashion textiles. In addition, studies have demonstrated that ocean salinity influences the bioavailability of both cotton and polyester microfibers. Research also indicates that salinity gradients alter the adsorption of pollutants to microfiber surfaces, thereby potentially amplifying their impact. The detrimental effects of overconsumption of fast fashion in the United States are particularly evident in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico, the terminal drainage basin for the majority of rivers in the United States. However, the spatial distribution of microfiber ingestion risk and susceptible species habitats remains unclear. This study developed a geospatial model using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) salinity data and species density data from Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) in ArcGIS Pro (version 3.30) to identify high-risk areas within the Gulf of Mexico that are susceptible to elevated levels of microfiber ingestion. Seasonal salinity variations and species habitat zones were overlaid to predict pollutant adsorption trends. This analysis identifies critical habitats in the Gulf and informs targeted mitigation strategies. Moreover, a complementary educational curriculum was developed to raise awareness about microfiber pollution to a pre-consumer audience. Pre-and-post surveys found a significant difference in both conceptual knowledge and perceived behavior change (α=0.05). This thesis offers a two-angled approach, formally identifying habitats in the Gulf of Mexico that are most susceptible to microfiber ingestion, while further promoting sustainable textile consumption practices for the next generation of consumers.